(In some cruder representations, stylized hair or blood flowing under the severed head of the Gorgon suggests a beard or wings. Some Gorgons are shown with broad, round heads, serpentine locks of hair, large staring eyes, wide mouths, tongues lolling, the tusks of swine, large projecting teeth, flared nostrils, and sometimes short, coarse beards. The awkward stance of the gorgon, with arms and legs at angles is closely associated with these symbols as well. They may be represented by spirals, wheels, concentric circles, swastikas, firewheels, and other images. The large Gorgon eyes, as well as Athena's "flashing" eyes, are symbols termed "the divine eyes" by Gimbutas (who did not originate the perception) they appear also in Athena's sacred bird, the little owl. Pausanias (5.10.4, 8.47.5, many other places), a geographer of the 2nd century AD, supplies details of where and how Gorgons were represented in Ancient Greek art and architecture. She also identifies the prototype of the Gorgoneion in Neolithic art motifs, especially in anthropomorphic vases and terracotta masks inlaid with gold. Marija Gimbutas even argues that "the Gorgon extends back to at least 6000 BC, as a ceramic mask from the Sesklo culture. Going even further back into history, there is a similar image from the palace of Knossos, datable to the 15th century BC. Other early eighth-century examples were found at Tiryns.
One of the earliest representations is on an electrum stater discovered during excavations at Parium. Gorgoneia (figures depicting a Gorgon head, see below) first appear in Greek art at the turn of the 8th century BC. The concept of the Gorgon is at least as old in classical Greek mythology as Perseus and Zeus. It is thought originally to have belonged to a temple. An image of a Gorgon holds the primary location at the pediment of the temple at Corfu, which is the oldest stone pediment in Greece, and is dated to c. 600 BC.Ī marble statue 1.35 m (53 inches) high of a Gorgon, dating from the 6th century BC, was found almost intact in 1993, in an ancient public building in Parikia, Paros capital, Greece (Archaeological Museum of Paros no. Because of their legendary and powerful gaze that could turn one to stone, images of the Gorgons were put upon objects and buildings for protection. Gorgons were a popular image in Greek mythology, appearing in the earliest of written records of Ancient Greek religious beliefs such as those of Homer, which may date to as early as 1194–1184 BC. The name derives from the Ancient Greek word gorgós ( γοργός), which means 'grim or dreadful', and appears to come from the same root as the Sanskrit word garjana ( गर्जन), which means a guttural sound, similar to the growling of a beast, thus possibly originating as an onomatopoeia.
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